Attaches to other substances and either neutralizes or renders harmless.

Causes premature abortion of the embryo. Examples are pennyroyal, aloe, sandalwood.

A plant property that increases the resistance to stress. Examples are ginseng root, nettle leaf, sarsaparilla, licorice root and ashwagandha

One of a varied family of alkaline, nitrogen-containing substances, usually plant-derived, reacting with acids to form salts. Normally intensely bitter, alkaloids form a body of substances widely used in drug and herbal therapy. They are usually biologically active and have a toxic potential. The term is more pharmaceutical and medical than chemical since alkaloids come from a variety of otherwise unrelated organic compounds. (Examples: caffeine, morphine, berberine)

Modifies nutrition in order to overcome morbid condition. Known as 'blood cleansers' in the past, these herbs improve lymphatic circulation, boost immunity and help clear chronic conditions, particularly of the skin.These herbs help chronic conditions because they aid in the elimination of metabolic toxins. Alteratives may be prescribed for sores, boils, tumours and cancers. In addition they reduce fevers, detoxify the liver, kill parasites and worms, help in the treatment of infectious, contagious diseases and epidemics. Flu, acne, herpes, and venereal diseases also respond to this type of herb. Examples are ginseng, aloe, sandalwood, red clover,  burdock, bayberry, black pepper, cinnamon, myrrh, and safflower.

These herbs treat illness caused by amoeba e.g. amoebic dysentery.

These herbs reduce or eliminate pain. Examples are camphor, chamomile, cinnamon, cloves, echinacea, lavender flower, feverfew herb, cabbage leaves, wintergreen leaf, passionflower herb and flower.

The opposite of an aphrodisiac. These herbs decrease or delay sexual desires/feelings

Induces anaesthesia or numbness. Examples are ashok, calamus, gudmar, and jatamansi.

Antiparasitic – these herbs destroy and dispel worms, parasites, fungus and yeast. They are also known as vermicides or vermifuges. Examples are Pau d'arco, goldenseal, wormseed, wormwood, ajwan, cayenne, peppers, and pumpkin seeds.

These herbs are pain relievers. Also known as analgesics. Examples are ashok, barberry, cedar, and ginger.

16.

A drug that counters depression

17.

Support diabetes, may also help body to utilise insulin more effectively. Examples of herbs are amalaki, blackberry, fenugreek, gudmar, senna, and shilajit.

A plant property that prevents free radical of oxidative tissue or cell damage.

This medicine prevents the periodic recurrence of attacks of a disease e.g. malaria. Examples are barberry, chirayata, guduchi, kutaj, and vacha.

Herb that counteracts inflammation

Reduces fever, destroys fever toxins and induces perspiration to increase the loss of heat. Similar to febrifuge or refrigerant.Example are amalaki, black pepper, brihati, nirgundi, safflower, sandalwood.

Herb that relieves or cures rheumatism

Effective in the prevention or treatment of scurvy

A herb, drug or other substance that prevents decay or putrefaction. A substance that inhibits the growth and development of microorganisms without necessarily destroying them. Examples are aloe, chitrak, gokshura, gudmar, sandalwood and turmeric.

Relieves or prevents involuntary muscle spasm or cramp.Examples are chamomile, ashwagandha, basil, calamus, guggul, licorice, myrrh, sage, gotu kola, jatamanshi, peppermint, sandalwood, and spearmint.

These herbs can act against poisonous matter from animals

Herbs that destroy pathogens or disease producing organisms

A mild or gentle laxative. Softens stools without purging. Example: Rhubarb

Herbs that destroy pathogens or disease producing organisms

A mild or gentle laxative. Softens stools without purging. Example: Rhubarb

37.

Restores or increases sexual power and desire. There are two types: a) Tonics - These herbs tone and develop the sexual organs. b) Stimulants - These are prescribed to increase the functioning of the reproductive organs. Examples are angelica, ahwagandha, asparagus, fenugreek, fo-ti, ginseng, gokshura, hibiscus, kapikachu seeds, pippali, rose, saffron and shatavari.The nutritive tonics such as aghwagandha, bala, fo-ti, ghee, licorice, marshmallow, sesame seeds and shatavari increase semen and breast milk.

These herbs stimulate the appetite. Examples are cardamom, coriander

These herbs produce a natural movement of the bowel

40.

Herb with a pleasant, fragrant scent and a strong taste. These may be used to help to disguise the taste of other herbs in preparations. Examples are cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, fennel, peppermint, and turmeric.

These cause a local contraction of the skin, blood vessels, and other tissues and this stops the discharge of blood, mucus, etc. Usually used locally as a topical application. Examples are amalaki, arjuna, ashok, cinnamon, jasmine, sandalwood, and yarrow.